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This comprehensive and engaging Research Handbook provides a full
examination of the modes and mechanisms of international knowledge
transfer. Furthermore, it also provides in-depth insights into
international knowledge transfer related challenges faced by
multinational enterprises (MNEs). Chapters written by
well-respected contributors provide extensive insights into the
economic, technological, social, cultural and organizational
aspects of knowledge transfer in international business and
management. They also highlight the contextual influences imposed
by the industrial sectors and countries that MNEs are associated
with. Organised into three thematic parts, this Research Handbook
provides interesting and important directions for future research
within each chapter giving readers an opportunity to pursue these
in greater depth. This timely Research Handbook will be an
invaluable resource for scholars and researchers of international
business and knowledge management. The practical case studies will
provide a greater understanding of the topic and its challenges for
managers of MNEs.
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Computational Collective Intelligence - 10th International Conference, ICCCI 2018, Bristol, UK, September 5-7, 2018, Proceedings, Part I (Paperback, 1st ed. 2018)
Ngoc Thanh Nguyen, Elias Pimenidis, Zaheer Khan, Bogdan Trawinski
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R1,651
Discovery Miles 16 510
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Ships in 10 - 15 working days
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This two-volume set (LNAI 11055 and LNAI 11056) constitutes the
refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference on
Collective Intelligence, ICCCI 2018, held in Bristol, UK, in
September 2018 The 98 full papers presented were carefully reviewed
and selected from 240 submissions. The conference focuses on
knowledge engineering and semantic web, social network analysis,
recommendation methods and recommender systems, agents and
multi-agent systems, text processing and information retrieval,
data mining methods and applications, decision support and control
systems, sensor networks and internet of things, as well as
computer vision techniques.
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Computational Collective Intelligence - 10th International Conference, ICCCI 2018, Bristol, UK, September 5-7, 2018, Proceedings, Part II (Paperback, 1st ed. 2018)
Ngoc Thanh Nguyen, Elias Pimenidis, Zaheer Khan, Bogdan Trawinski
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R1,637
Discovery Miles 16 370
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Ships in 10 - 15 working days
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This two-volume set (LNAI 11055 and LNAI 11056) constitutes the
refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference on
Collective Intelligence, ICCCI 2018, held in Bristol, UK, in
September 2018 The 98 full papers presented were carefully reviewed
and selected from 240 submissions. The conference focuses on
knowledge engineering and semantic web, social network analysis,
recommendation methods and recommender systems, agents and
multi-agent systems, text processing and information retrieval,
data mining methods and applications, decision support and control
systems, sensor networks and internet of things, as well as
computer vision techniques.
Neem is the common name given to the different species of large,
evergreen, glabrous shady trees, grown in semi-arid regions of the
world. In Pakistan and India the common neem tree, also popularly
known as Margosa is Azadirachata indica A. Juss. Neem products
isolated from the neem tree were nimbinin, nimbin and nimbidin.
Siddiqui (1942) was the first scientist to isolate and purify the
neem constituents of its extract. In the present study, effects of
Cypermethrin and two crude ethanolic neem extract RB-a and RB-b on
the activity of enzymes (GOT, GPT, LDH and cholinesterase) against
the 3rd instar larvae of Aedes aegypti. Based on present study
results, it was concluded that the neem extract RB-a and RB-b is a
moderately toxic substance that shows the toxic effects and
morality at high concentrations. Basically it is an IGR that does
not kill the insect directly by its poisoning effect rather kill
them by interfering the physiological activities. The research
techniques and information are helpful for graduate and research
students of Biological Sciences and Environmental toxicology.
Our earth's crust is the ultimate source of all metallic elements
present in the ecosystem. Globally there are 35 metals that concern
us because of residential or occupational exposure; 23 of these are
the heavy metals. In this study, the level of heavy metals
pollution in poultry chicken (Gallus domesticus) at Karachi,
Hyderabad and Thatta were investigated during the year 2007-9. A
total 200 random poultry organs (liver, brain and heart) of same
aged groups of chickens were collected from poultry shops of 6
selected locations, and 4 heavy metals Cd, Ni, Cu and Pb were
analyzed. Based on results that all chickens samples were
contaminated with Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu) and Lead
(Pb). Copper has been recorded as highest level contamination as
compared to three other metals Cd, Ni, and Pb. During the study on
the basis of feeds samples analyzing, metals may be have been
transferred via poultry feeds to poultry chickens. The research
techniques and results are helpful for graduate and research
students of Biological Sciences, Environmental Science and Poultry
Science students.
The use of pesticides and fertilizers has increased rapidly in
Pakistan. Pesticide use in Pakistan increased seven-fold in
quantity between 1981 and 1992, from 915 million tons to 6,865
million tons of which 80% were organophosphate. Several studies
have reported the toxicological issues and adverse effects of
pesticides in aquatic biodiversity. The present study included the
effects of cypermethrin on cholinesterase activity and protein
content against Rana tigrina. After preliminary experiments of the
under test compound, two different doses were selected for the
studies. It was observed that at the dose of 1% and 0.1%
cypermethrin treated frogs, a total reduction in protein contents
was found to be 79, 69% in kidney and 76, 44% in liver
respectively, as compared to the control. The cholinesterase was
found to be inhibited by 36, 35% in kidney and 52 and 47%in liver
respectively, when frog were treated with cypermethrin at aforesaid
doses. Based on results it is concluded that cypermethrin has
reduced protein contents and cholinesterase activity in Rana
tigrina. The research techniques and information are helpful for
graduate and research students of Biological Sciences.
In the present study, the effects of environmental pollution on
aquatic vertebrate biodiversity were studied and inventory of
vertebrate fauna of Hub Dam was prepared. During the study, no
adverse effects of environmental pollution were found on the
aquatic biodiversity except for some minor toxic effects due to
trace metals in water. As many as 16 species of mammals, 160
species of birds, 23 species of reptiles, 03 species of amphibians,
29 species of fishes, and 25 species of plants were recorded from
the Hub Dam area. There are no serious effects of pollution on the
vertebrate biodiversity of the wetland. All the physico - chemical
parameters were recorded as per limits of WHO Standard. There is a
serious decline in water bird population but these are mainly due
to social disturbances. Areas near spillway, main dam area,
agriculture land/ shallow water, and Hub Canal are the prime
habitats of birds in the wetland. The research techniques and
information are helpful for graduate and research students of
Biological Sciences, Environment and wetlands managers.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of
pesticide permethrin against frog Rana tigrina. After preliminary
experiments of the under test compound, two different doses were
selected for the studies. These were 1 and 0.1%. Mortality count
was made at 24 hours of post-treatment, untreated frogs was also
kept as well. Estimation of protein content and cholinesterase has
been carried out in treated frogs and compared with untreated. It
was observed that at the dose of 1 and 0.1% permethrin treated
frogs, a total reduction in protein contents was found to be 61,
16% in kidney and 89 and 87% in liver, respectively. While
cholinesterase was found to be inhibited by 35 and 6.76% in kidney
and 29 and 23% in liver, respectively, when frog were treated with
permethrin at aforesaid doses. On the basis of present study, it is
concluded that the permethrin reduced protein contents and enzyme
cholinesterase activity after 24 hours treatment in the liver and
kidney frog Rana tigrina. The research techniques and information
are helpful for graduate and research students of Biological
Sciences and wildlife.
Amphibians are important to the overall ecosystem balance. The
large biomass of these amphibians makes them significant prey for
other animals. The pesticides are widely used and have a variety of
lethal and sublethal effects on non-target wildlife species. The
present studies investigate the induced effects of two selected
pesticide Lambda cyhalothrin (pyrethroid) and Monocrotophos
(organophosphate) against frog Rana cyanophlyctis (Common
Skittering Frog). After preliminary experiments of each under test
compound, two different doses i.e. 0.1 and 1% were used and
cholinesterase activity was noted in liver, kidney and brain of
treated frogs. It was reduced upto 34.6 and 46.3% in liver, 25.08
and 57.1% in kidney and 31.64 and 50.7% in brain under the effect
of lamda cyhalothrin. While under the effect of monocrotophos,
cholinesterase decreased upto 37.7 and 57.7% in liver, 57.5 and
67.5% in kidney and 47.6 and 65.9% in brain, respectively. Based on
present studies it is concluded that both pesticides are reduced
the cholinesterase activities. The research techniques and
information are helpful for graduate and research students of
Environmental and Biological Sciences.
In the present study, the effects of environmental pollution on
aquatic vertebrates of two Ramsar Sites viz. Haleji and Keenjhar
Lakes were noted and inventories of the vertebrate fauna were
prepared. In the water samples taken from Haleji Lake, the
pesticides of organophosphate (OP) and organochlorine (OC) groups
were estimated above the Maximum Acceptable Concentrations (MAC).
These concentrations were much higher in muscles and fat contents
than other tissues of birds. All water samples from Keenjhar Lake
contained pesticides below the MAC level. A total of 22 species of
mammals, 228 species of birds, 32 species of reptiles, 2 species of
amphibia, 37 species of fishes and 33 species of plants were
recorded from Haleji Lake, while, 25 species of mammals, 121
species of birds, 29 species of reptiles, 2 species of amphibia, 54
species of fishes and 258 floral species were recorded from the
Keenjhar Lake. The research techniques and information are helpful
for graduate and research students of Biological Sciences,
Environment Science and wetlands managers.
The present study included the impact of habitat destruction on the
population of amphibians with reference to status of frogs and
toads in Karachi and Thatta districts of Sindh. Four species of
frogs, Common Skittering Frog, Tiger Frog, Indian Burrowing Frog
and Indian Cricket Frog, and two toad species, Marbled Toad and
Common Asian Toad were recorded. On the basis of present study, it
is concluded that the permanent habitat alternation, destruction of
habitat, use of indiscriminate toxic material such as pesticides,
chemical fertilizers and increase of human population, three
species Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, Tomopterna breviceps and
Limnonectes limnocharis are declined and rated as threatened
species in Thatta district, while two species Hoplobatrachus
tigerinus and Tomopterna breviceps were rated as rare in Karachi
district. The research techniques and information are helpful for
graduate and research students of wildlife, National Parks
managers, wildlife biologists, wildlife conservation organizations
etc.
Amphibians and reptiles are important elements of our natural
biological heritage and known to be vulnerable to pesticides that
are cholinesterase inhibitors. Several studies have reported that
some pesticides reduce cholinesterase (ChE) activity in the frogs.
Since the 1970s, significant decline in amphibian populations have
been observed throughout the world including Pakistan, due to
environmental pollution and some other factors. The amphibians and
reptiles are considered to be good indicators of general
environmental health. In Pakistan 29 species of amphibians have
been recorded, including frog and toad. In this study, Rana
cyanophlyctis was exposed to three selected xenobiotics;
cypermethrin, endosulfan and oxytetracyclin in the laboratory
experiments. Two different concentrations were used, and
cholinesterase activity was observed in brain, liver and kidney of
R. cyanophlyctis. On the basis of present findings it is concluded
that xenobiotics chemicals cypermethrin, endosulfan and
oxyterracyclin are harmful for amphibians. The research techniques
and information are helpful for graduate and research students of
Biological Sciences, Environment and wildlife managers.
The indiscriminate use of pesticides is considered one of the
important factors that change the environment by causing imbalances
in the ecosystem. According to IUCN (2009), there are now 1,677
reptiles species have been included on the IUCN Red List, with 293
added in 2009. In total, 469 are threatened with extinction and 22
are already Extinct or Extinct in the wild. The present studies
included the induced effects of two pesticides cypermethrin
(pyrethroid) and malathion (organophosphate) on Agama lizard. It
was observed that under the effects of cypermethrin and malathion
the enzyme activities were found to be significantly inhibited in
liver, kidney and brain tissues of treated lizards. On the basis of
present findings it is concluded that cypermethrin and malathion
both pesticides are harmful for agama lizards. The research
techniques and results are helpful for graduate and research
students of Biological Sciences, Environmental Science and wetland
managers.
Surgical Instrument and Sterilization Guidebook is a comprehensive
manual which tries to cover information related to areas such as
history of surgical instruments, manufacturing process, various
varieties of steel used, anatomy of a typical surgical instrument,
the general classification schemes used and the uses of various
classes of surgical instruments. Besides these, this book also
gives details about the key quality assurance measures used for
assessing the performance of such instruments along with the
constituents of various surgical trays being used in a typical
Operation theater. Finally this guidebook furnishes an overview of
the standard Sterilization process, with details on each step.This
guidebook can be effectively used in orienting untrained operation
theater staff so that they can have a basic understanding of the
various surgical instruments used in OT and the sterilization
proces
The decline of amphibian population is a major environmental issue.
Pollution in the aquatic ecosystem by pesticides is considered
critical in the conservation of biodiversity. Several studies have
reported the toxicological issues and adverse effects of pesticides
in aquatic environment and biodiversity. The indiscriminate use of
pesticides is considered one of the important factors that change
the environment by causing imbalances in the ecosystem, especially
in biota of the aquatic system. The present study was done to
investigate the effects of two selected pesticide group
organophosphate (Sandaphos, Chlorpyrifos) and pyrethroid (
-Cypermethrin and Dathrin) on enzyme cholinesterase and alkaline
phosphatase in the liver, kidney and brain tissues of skittering
frog Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis. It was observed that under the
effects of Sandaphos, Chlorpyrifos, - Cypermethrin and Dathrin the
enzyme activities were found to be significantly inhibited in
liver, kidney and brain tissues of treated frogs. The research
techniques and results are helpful for graduate and research
students of Biological Sciences, Environmental Science and wetland
managers.
Pesticides have harmful effects on biodiversity. The present study
was included the induced effects of permethrin and Biosal, against
Agama lizard. It was observed that at the dose of 0.1% and 1%
permethrin treated lizards, a total reduction in protein contents
was found to be 42, 53% in kidney and 7.4, 10% in liver
respectively. In the case of Biosal, animals were treated with 25
and 50% concentration and 0.36, 3.56% in kidney and 1.68, 2.2% in
liver, protein content reduction was observed respectively, as
compared to the control. The cholinesterase was found to be
inhibited by 17, 19% in kidney and 18, 24% in liver, respectively,
when the animals were treated with permethrin at aforesaid doses.
In the case of biosal, inhibition of cholinesterase was found
as13.6, 18% in kidney and 39.52, 56.21% in liver, respectively. The
permethrin and biosal are toxic to lizards. It is therefore,
suggested that biosal could be a better pesticide if used at lower
doses as compared to permethrin. The research techniques and
information are helpful for graduate and research students of
Biological Sciences, Environment and wildlife managers.
Rodents represent the largest order of mammals and are spread all
over the globe. They are notorious of being major pests of
agriculture, stored products and in urban environments. They are
also carrier of more than 32 rodent borne diseases. Among several
methods being practised worldwide to combat effectively, the poison
baiting is considered the most effective method. However, the
palatability of poison bait plays a vital role in successfully
controlling rodent population. If the bait is not well accepted,
there will be poor rodent kill resulting in wastage of money,
labour and time. Unpalatable bait may lead to bait shyness in
rodents. During the present study, six taste additives were
incorporated 3% and 5% in bait in selected urban and field rodent
pest species under laboratory and afterwards in field situation. It
is concluded from the study that egg additive 3% in poison bait has
more potential in enhancing bait acceptance, thus achieving
successful control against urban and field rodent pests of economic
importance. The information is very helpful for students of applied
Zoology, Practitioners in pest management and farmers.
It is envisaged that environments that adopt the Service Oriented
Architecture (SOA) model of computing are increasingly becoming the
de facto environment for executing business processes represented
by their visual models. However, it is not straightforward to use
application domain specific web or grid services to enact or
execute business processes without translating them into executable
programmes. This suggests the need for a generic approach to
perform these translations in a structured manner. This work is an
attempt to bridge the gap between business process models and
service-oriented environments with reference to RAD (Role Activity
Diagramming) business process models and grid-aware
service-oriented environments. In this context, a novel
architectural framework, namely BPMSOA, has been presented with
pi-ADL as the underlying process execution language utilising its
key characteristics of channel mobility, channel unification, and
abstraction composition. The role-based instantiation of the BPMSOA
is applied on selected digital library processes which reveals that
it is possible to enact role-based process models in
service-oriented environments with some limitations.
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